Monthly Archives: May 2009

Cotton is a Crummy Pest Loving Crop! Part V

Cotton farmers use pesticides to maximize their yields and therefore, profits, but the risk of using these chemicals is not isolated to just farm workers and their families.

Although pesticides are currently manufactured to break down quickly into its harmless constituents, small levels of pesticides have been found in rivers and streams near cotton farms.

Many pesticides are highly toxic to aquatic life. Water temperature increases the toxicity of pesticides and water temperatures are on the rise due to global warming.

Even if fish are not killed by the pesticides leaked into the water they can exhibit an array of other problems when exposed to small amounts, ranging from “abnormal behavioral and pathological conditions [to] failures in reproduction” (Use and Significance of Pesticides).

Paraquat is used worldwide and causes “pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, nosebleeds, loss of appetite, and death” (Fatal Harvest).

The effect of long term exposure to small amounts of pesticides on aquatic life has not been determined yet we still allow these chemicals to flow into our waterways.

Scientists are starting to suspect that when pesticides get into the air, an “inevitable part of aerial application” (Fatal Harvest), they are adversely affecting honeybees.

Honeybees are responsible for pollinating $15 billion worth of American crops, including apples, almonds and blueberries.

Honeybees are extremely sensitive to pesticides.

A study published in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry showed that minute doses of pesticides affect the ability of honeybees to smell flowers. Chronic exposure to pesticides resulted in honeybee death. Honeybee death could have serious consequences for the United States food supply.

It is not just bees and fish that are exposed to the chemicals used on cotton, frighteningly; pesticides find their way into the worldwide water supply and expose humans as well.

Cotton is a Crummy Pest Loving Crop! Part IV

Paraquat, aldicarb and chlorpyrifos are just the cotton pesticides that are legal in America.

India and China, the top leaders in cotton production have even lower standards of pesticide control and allow more toxins to flow into their environments.

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), while now banned in India, is still widely used there and is infamous as one of the most dangerous and persistent pesticides.

In developing nations, lack of education related to the hazards of pesticides poses serious risks.

In Africa, “45 percent of cotton farmers said they used pesticide containers to carry water, while 20-35 percent used them to hold milk or soup” (State of the World 2004).

A report on agricultural workers in India indicated “500 cotton farmers […] are believed to have died in 2001 as a result of pesticide exposure” (State 2004).

In 1990, the World Health Organization estimated that “3 million severe acute pesticide poisonings occur in developing countries each year, including some 220,000 fatalities” (Fatal Harvest).